Melany Jumbo, Quito, Ecuador.

  1. How do endoribonucleases (ERNs) work to decrease protein levels? Name 2 differences between how ERNs work and how proteases work.

ERNs reduce protein levels throught degrading specific RNAm by targeted cleavage. This enzimes recognize specific estructures or sequences in the RNAm and make internal cuts. This action destabilize the transcript and shortening its lifespan.

Endoribonuclease (ERNs) Proteases
Location Cytoplasm or Nucleus (it depends on the ERN) Lysosomes or cytoplasm
Mechanism Intern cut of RNAm, starting degradation. Hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins
Substrate ARNm Protein

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19968858/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2924532/

  1. How does lipofectamine 3000 work? How does DNA get into human cells and how is it expressed?

Lipofectamine 3000 - WORK

A critical component is P3000 reagent, which enhances complex cationic charge, improving membrane fusion and DNA release. Studies show Lipofectamine 3000 outperforms older versions (e.g., Lipofectamine 2000) in efficiency

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep12444

https://theory.labster.com/mechanism-lipofectamine-3000/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5943608/

  1. Explain what poly-transfection is and why it’s useful when building neuromorphic circuits.